Conditional (if) sentences.
- If I study, I will pass the exam. → Si estudio, aprobaré el examen.
- If I studied, I would pass the exam. → Si estudiara, aprobaría el examen.
- If I had studied, I would have passed the exam. → Si hubiera estudiado, habría pasado el examen.
- condition is possible to fulfill - la condición es posible de cumplir
- if-clause = Simple Present (Presente simple)
- If I study,
- main clause = will-future or (Modal + infinitive)
- I will pass the exam
- condition is in theory possible to fulfill - la condición es en teoría posible de cumplir
- if-clause = Simple Past (pasado simple)
- If I studied,
- main clause = would + infinitive *
- I would pass the exam
- condition is not possible to fulfill (too late) - la condición no es posible de cumplir (es demasiado tarde)
- if-clause = Past Perfect
- If I had studied,
- main clause = would + have + past participle *
- I would have passed the exam
* Se puede sustituir could o might por would y a veces es posible cambiarlo por should, may o must.
- I would pass the exam.
- I could pass the exam.
- I might pass the exam.
- I may pass the exam.
- I should pass the exam.
- I must pass the exam.
Además, la cláusula con "if" puede estar al principio o al final de la oración:
- Cláusula al principio: (la oración lleva coma)
- If I study, I will pass the exam.
- If I studied, I would pass the exam.
- If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.
- Cláusula al final: (la oración no lleva coma)
- I will pass the exam if I study.
- I would pass the exam if I studied.
- I would have passed the exam if I had studied.
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